Henry H Fuqua^{[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]}

1818 - 1896  (77 years)

• Name	Henry H Fuqua  [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]
  Birth	18 Oct 1818	, , Alabama, USA   [3, 4, 5, 7, 12, 13]
  Gender	Male
  Residence	1846	, Grimes, Texas, USA   [2]
  Residence	1850	, Grimes, Texas, USA   [7]
  	Occupation: Waggon Maker
  Residence	1860	Anderson, Grimes, Texas, USA   [5]
  	Occupation: Farmer
  Residence	1870	Anderson, Grimes, Texas, USA   [4]
  	Occupation: Farmer
  Residence	1880	, Grimes, Texas, USA   [3]
  	Marital Status: Married; Relation to Head of House: Self
  Death	6 Jan 1896	, Grimes, Texas, USA   [12, 13]
  Burial	Erwin, Grimes, Texas, USA   [12]
  Person ID	I15294	Master
  Last Modified	31 Dec 2024

  
  

  Father	Ephraim Fuqua,   b. 13 Jun 1790, , Bedford, Virginia, USA d. 17 Jul 1870, , Grimes, Texas, USA (Age 80 years)
  Mother	Martha "Patsy" Hewitt,   b. 15 Sep 1795, , Bedford, Virginia, USA d. 25 Jul 1886, , Grimes, Texas, USA (Age 90 years)
  Marriage	14 Sep 1815	, Bedford, Virginia, USA   [14, 15]
  Family ID	F4003	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

  
  

  Family	Elvira Jane Hughey,   b. 8 Aug 1842, , , Alabama, USA d. 18 Dec 1918, , Grimes, Texas, USA (Age 76 years)
  Marriage	18 Oct 1859	, Grimes, Texas, USA   [6, 9, 10, 11, 13, 16]
  Children	+ 1. Mary Anna Fuqua,   b. 9 Jul 1860, , Grimes, Texas, USA d. 22 Jun 1948, Goose Creek, Harris, Texas, USA (Age 87 years)   2. Simon Fuqua,   b. Feb 1863, , Grimes, Texas, USA d. 1930 (Age 66 years)   3. William Henry Fuqua, Sr,   b. 9 Aug 1867, , Grimes, Texas, USA d. 5 Jun 1953, Navasota, Grimes, Texas, USA (Age 85 years)   4. Cora Fuqua,   b. 19 Apr 1874, , , Texas, USA d. 28 Feb 1960 (Age 85 years)   5. James Fuqua,   b. 14 Nov 1875, Erwin, Grimes, Texas, USA d. 4 Jan 1954, Navasota, Grimes, Texas, USA (Age 78 years)
  Family ID	F12502	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart
  Last Modified	29 Dec 2024

  
  

• Event Map

  Birth - 18 Oct 1818 - , , Alabama, USA Residence - 1846 - , Grimes, Texas, USA Residence - 1850 - , Grimes, Texas, USA Marriage - 18 Oct 1859 - , Grimes, Texas, USA Residence - 1860 - Anderson, Grimes, Texas, USA Residence - 1870 - Anderson, Grimes, Texas, USA Residence - 1880 - , Grimes, Texas, USA Death - 6 Jan 1896 - , Grimes, Texas, USA Burial - - Erwin, Grimes, Texas, USA  = Link to Google Earth

  
  

• Notes

  TEXAS STATE TROOPS Texas faced multiple fronts during the Civil War. Not only was a Union invasion a threat, but Indian, and even Mexican raids into Texas did not stop just because the Civil War had started. To pick up Indian defense where the exiting Federals left off in 1861, the newly Confederate Texas Government formed the “Confederate First Regiment”, also known as the Texas Mounted Riflemen. This unit was organized in the spring of 1861 with enlistments of men from anywhere within the state for a term of one year. The mission of this "Confederate First Regiment" however, was not explicit aid for the CSA. Instead, its mission was to re-man the abandoned Indian Forts along Texas' Indian Frontier. This did not keep the CSA from coveting these troops, and asking for them as reinforcements. Since Texas's Confederate First Regiment was in the employ of the State of Texas, not the CSA, this did not happen. But when the one-year enlistments were up, most of these now seasoned/ranging Texas Indian fighters joined the 8th TX Cavalry en mass, and famously became known as "Terry's Texas Rangers". As Confedrates, Terry's Texas Rangers fought in more battles than any other Cavalry unit in the entire Civil War and distinguished themselves by their horsemanship, dexterity with firearms, and courage under fire. In addition to organizing its own Indian defense, the newly Confederate State of Texas also organized 33 regiments of "Texas State Troops". These were essentially county militias charged with keeping the local peace whether discord came in the form of Unionists, Indians, Mexicans, slaves or local rabble. Like the Texas Mounted Riflemen (who were bound for the State's Indian forts), the Texas State Troops (who stayed in their locales) reported to leadership that was in the employee of the State of Texas; not the US and not the CSA. Men for the Texas State Troops were recruited by county with volunteers from adjoining counties forming up together. This condensed the State's then 158 counties into 33 TST "Brigades". Though these Texas State Troops were the brain-child of the Confederate goverment of Texas, like the Confederate First Regiment above, the TSTs were not CSA units. However, as above, many former TST members went on after their TST service to join the CSA. Many of the Robertson (county) Rifles, initially organized as a Texas State Troops unit, joined the 4th TX Cavalry as the Robertson Five-Shooters. This unit had the distinction of being the first unit provided with Colt Repeating firearms, at County expense. In service to the CSA, the Robertson Five-Shooters fought under General Longstreet at Chicamauga, Chattanooga and the East Tennessee campaigns. Cartridges from Robertson Five-Shooter weapons have been found in the trenches at Petersburg, VA, leading to speculation that many who were initially Robertson County TST members carried their county-issued weapons with them throughout the war. The truth is, Confederate Texas actually got a jump on recruiting for the Confederate cause, even before the formal CSA call for volunteers. This proved to be a double edged sword. Texans held Indian defense as a very high priority; a concern that the CSA's Richmond leadership (so long-removed from Indian depredation) tended to view as a "luxury". Likewise, Texans wanted a force to keep them safe at home which able-bodied men in the Texas State Troops provided. But neither of these Texas-paid/Texas-"used" resources did much to promote the broader CSA cause elsewhere. Exemptions by state officials for those who volunteered for Frontier defense or Texas State Troops became increasingly difficult as the CSA demanded more and more soldiers. Over the course of the war, 60,000 Texans would fight for the CSA. And, just as those first one-year enlistments of the Texas Mounted Riflemen and the Texas State Troops were running out, the CSA demanded more than the already 25,000 Texans who had answered the CSA's first call to arms in 1861. It was all too clear that Texas would have to solve its defensive needs differently. In response, Texas manned the Texas State Troops with less battle-ready resources (older men, teenagers...). And, it also created a second version of Indian Defense called the Frontier Regiment. THE (TEXAS, INDIAN DEFENSE) FRONTIER REGIMENT Online Handbook of Texas History By Robert Dunnam The (Texas) Frontier Regiment was organized in 1862 to back-fill the forts at the Texas Indian frontier. From 1845 - 1861, these forts had been manned by the US Army. But when the US Army left Texas at the outset of the war, Texas had sent in its new "Texas Mounted Riflemen" to defend the frontier. In early 1862, the Riflemen were being transferred, en mass, to CSA service. Despite these administrative details, the Comanche and Kiowa Indians—“neighbors” to the north and west of settled Texas—had ravaged Texans in 1861 and 1862, just as they had in every year. Killing settlers, slaughtering livestock, and stealing horses. In fact, the Civil War had weakened Texas' defenses, a situation only made worse as increasing numbers of the state's young men left for service in the Confederacy. Texans soon realized they were facing the grim prospect of worsening Indian depredations unless something was done to fill the defensive void at the frontier. Before the Civil War, the Texas Indian frontier—which swept an arc running North/South, roughly 100 miles west of Dallas, Waco, Austin and San Antonio—had expanded. Over the course of the war, this expansion was largely reversed. So, in late 1861, knowing they were losing their experienced Indian fighers, the Texas legislature authorized the creation of a Texas "Frontier Regiment" to replace the departing Mounted Riflemen. Col James M Norris was placed in command. He and Lt Col Alfred T Obenchain, with Major James E McCord, made an arduous trek west in March and April 1862 to add 18 more frontier forts to those placed earlier by Spain, Mexico and the US. Nine companies, each with 115 – 125 men, were raised from the counties at the frontier. Men were exempted from CSA service (by the governor of Texas) if they joined the Frontier Regiment. This new force carried forward two of the historical strengths of the earlier Texas ranger organizations 1) it recruited men to serve in companies near their homes, and 2) it divided the companies into small detachments of ~25 men each. The Frontier Regiment eventually comprised 1,089 men divided into nine companies across 18 camps. The captains of each company would command two camps; one named for the captain himself and one named for the locale of the camp or a nearby geographic feature. Initially, scouting patrols consisted of an officer and five or more rangers. These rangers would leave a camp every other day, heading south to the next camp along the frontier. The following day, they would return back north to their original base camp. This protocol allowed the entire line from the Red River to the Rio Grande to be scouted every day. It was hoped that these rangers would provide a barrier of protection against Indian attacks on settlements behind the line of forts. The plan met with moderate success, but conditions within the temporary camps were difficult at best. In a letter dated 24 Apr 1862, and addressed to the Adjutant General, Colonel Norris noted that the men (many of whom brought their own horses and arms) were “indifferently armed and badly mounted, and that much sickness prevailed in all the camps”. There was no medicine, and in the first year, the camps were poorly supplied with food, forage for horses, and even ammunition. Sub-standard gunpowder was also a frequent complaint. There were also discipline problems. Added to this, the plan of multiple camps with daily patrols between camps was primarily a passive defensive. The distances between the camps actually proved to be too great to allow for effective scouting, and the ranger patrols were too small to engage any large bands of Indians they encountered. Remarkably, some modest success was achieved, but after a few months, the cordon was easily penetrated. In June of 1862, Colonel Norris attempted to correct these deficiencies by increasing the size of the perimeter patrols to eight privates plus an officer. He also instructed each of the nine captains to keep four additional scouting forays operating in the field at all times, two each from the two camps under their command. At each camp, one foray was to range outside the defensive perimeter and one would scout inside. These ranging missions were to last twenty days and each foray was to be composed of thirteen privates and an officer, effectively committing fifty-six men from each company to the field on continuous scouting operations at all times. Hoping that the Confederacy would pick up the tab for these “Confederate” soldiers, the Frontier Regiment was organized and governed by Confederate Army rules and regulations. However, the Act (of the Texas legislature) which had brought the Frontier Regiment into service included a proviso that the Frontier Regiment would "always be subject to the authorities of the State of Texas for frontier service," and would not be "removed beyond the limits of the State." CSA President Jefferson Davis, with another war on his mind, balked at this provision and would not accept the regiment into the Confederate service. Eventually running low on funds, in late 1863 (after a year of running the Frontier Regiment as a State of Texas organization, and knowing their one year enlistments would soon expire), Governor Lubbock ordered the immediate mustering out of the regiment. Rangers were given the option of returning home or re-enlisting in a reorganized Frontier Regiment, consisting of ten companies of no more than ninety-seven enlisted rangers each, plus officers, for an extended three-year enlistment period. At this time the Adjutant General of Texas apparently gave the regiment a new name, the Mounted Regiment of Texas State Troops. This name was primarily used to convince Confederate authorities that it was a new regiment, as the regimental commander did not adopt the name until September 1863, when a transfer to the Confederacy looked more likely. These cosmetic changes were designed to comply with the then current Confederate Army structure in hopes that the Confederacy would go ahead and pay for the regiment's upkeep. However, conflicting priorities frustrated this objective for another year. Former Major James E. McCord, now Colonel McCord, was elected by the re-enlisted rangers to lead the “new” regiment and assumed command in February 1863. Headquartered at Camp Colorado throughout his tenure, Colonel McCord was bold and aggressive. He promptly recommended scrapping the daily patrols. He consolidated the companies' currently split between camps, and launched scouting forays made of 40 - 60 men (not the previous 5 – 8). These forays were to go beyond the defensive cordon, deep into Indian territory. His plan—effectively "search and destroy"—was meant to put the Indians on the defensive by going after their home bases. It was rejected in Austin and McCord resigned. His resignation however was rejected and McCord, strongly supported by his ranger captains, set about instituting more aggressive strategies than had been employed under Colonel Norris. On July 28, 1863, McCord reported to the Adjutant General that Capt. James Joseph Callan had been out on scouting forays with forty men a total of 122 days. These larger ranger missions proved successful in engaging the Indians. Unfortunately, individual Indian raiders still slipped through the defensive cordon, creating panic in individual settlements and jangling political nerves in Austin. In early September 1863, Governor Lubbock forbade forays beyond the cordon, instructing McCord to conduct operations within the defensive perimeter until the raiding Indians were either destroyed or driven outside the line. About this same time, McCord was forced to deal with another problem. Small, violent bands of Union sympathizers, called jayhawkers, were creating havoc—burning homes, murdering residents, and looting frontier settlements. January 1864 brought a new movement (same song, next verse) to transfer Texas' Frontier Regiment, now called the "Texas Mounted Regiment, Texas State Troops", into the Confederate Army. These plans increasingly created tensions in 1863 and 1864 as senior Confederate commanders would seek immediate transfer from some elements of the frontier forces into their depleted commands. Captain Rowland, at the regiment’s Red River Station in North Texas, wrote to Colonel McCord predicting that the transfer would cause widespread panic among the citizens of Texas who were already worried about such a move. Nonetheless, on March 1, 1864, the Mounted Regiment, Texas State Troops, was transferred to the Confederate Army. The transfer spelled the effective end of Texas' Frontier Regiment. While not totally successful in its mission, it had nonetheless provided a measure of effective reassurance to Texas' frontier communities at an anxious time. The transfer of the regiment to the Confederacy—strapped in 1864 by increasing shortages of manpower—generated enormous insecurity, vulnerabilities, and adjustments along the entire Texas frontier. The Indian war on the Texas frontiers had, from 1861 to 1865, been the unwanted step-child of the Confederacy. Within weeks of the transfer, most of the ranger companies comprising the Frontier Regiment had, as predicted, been removed from the frontier and were redeployed elsewhere. On March 31, 1864, several anxious families of Gillespie, Kerr and Kendall counties—already victimized by both jayhawkers and Indians and having "forted up" together in common defense—had heard that Company "A" at Camp Davis in Gillespie County had been order redeployed. They petitioned the Adjutant General to block the move, but were unsuccessful. On April 11, 1864, McCord himself was ordered to concentrate what was left of his regiment in Austin and then to proceed even further east, to Anderson in Grimes County. Whip-sawed by two simultaneous wars, within a few short weeks of 1864, the Frontier Regiment was effectively conjoined with the Confederacy and the concerns of the settlers promptly abandoned by the Confederacy. The dire situation on the Texas frontier in 1864 might have gotten worse had it not been for another state military initiative—the Frontier Organization. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Adjutant General’s Records, Texas State Library and Archives, Special Order #12, Texas Adjutant General, January 19, 1862; General Order #4, Col. J. M. Norris, April 23, 1863; Frank M. Collier, Enrolling Officer to Adjutant General, January 14, 1862; Adjutant General's List of Captains in Frontier Regiment, April 21, 1861; Col. Norris to Adjutant General, April 25, 1863; Lt. Col. A. T. Obenchain to Adjutant General, May 17, 1863; Special Orders #129 and #131, Col. Norris, January 24, 1865; General Order #l, Col. McCord, March 8, 1863; General Order #7, Col. McCord, April 16, 1863; Col. McCord to Adjutant General, March 10, May 21, July 6, and July 28, 1863; General Order #17, Col. McCord, September 3, 1863; Captain Rowland to Col. McCord, January 9, 1864; citizens of Gillespie, Kerr and Kendall counties to Adjutant General, March 31, 1864; Major B. Bloomfield, CSA, to McCord, April 11, 1864; General Orders, Special Orders, and correspondence file, Frontier Regiment, 1862–64; and Adjutant General's correspondence file, 1862–64. E. L. Deaton, Indian Fights on the Texas Frontier (Fort Worth: Pioneer Pub. Co. 1927). David Paul Smith, Frontier Defense in the Civil War: Texas’ Rangers and Rebels (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1992). Texas Legislature, Act of December 21, 1861. THE (TEXAS, INDIAN DEFENSE) FRONTIER ORGANIZATION http://www.realclearhistory.com/articles/2015/05/05/defending_texas_frontier_in_civil_war.html By David Paul Smith The (Texas) "Frontier Organization" was the final “installment” or rendition of frontier Indian defense in Texas during the Civil War. In 1863, Pendleton Murrah had replaced Francis R Lubbuck as Governor of Texas. Under Murrah’s administration, the Texas legislature proposed to transfer the state-funded Frontier Regiment to Confederate service in order to relieve the state of a financial burden, but the regiment would then be under Confederate control, and subject to service at the discretion of Confederate commanders. To counteract this outcome, the Texas Legislature created, by law, a replacement defense: the Frontier Organization. Men for the new Frontier Organization were to be selected from all persons liable for military service who actually lived in the 59 frontier counties. These counties, divided into 3 districts, would recruit a cavalry regiment composed of 25 – 65 men per company. The three geographic districts were each headed by a Major. Major William Quayle headquartered in Decatur; Major George Bernard Erath headquartered at Gatesville, and Major James M. Hunter headquartered at Fredericksburg. By the time the Frontier Regiment was transferred out on 1 Mar 1864, nearly 4,000 men had signed up to serve in its replacement, the Frontier Organization. Of these, 1,000 were activated for duty at the frontier. The new organization--owing to the dearth of fighting men available after three years of massive mobilization within and outside of the state--was critiqued as “composed of men from almost every section of the state (despite its intended local design) and even from other states, as well as a considerable number of deserters who have fled from conscription and draft, a great many of whom have neither families, property, nor visible occupation.” Using compelled enlistment of so many citizens, from across a wide disparity of motivations, age groups, vocations, military experiences, and basic familiarity with horsemanship, diluted the specialized capabilities that previous Texas Ranger and Mounted Riflemen corps had enjoyed. Predictably, many of the men who enlisted in the state's Frontier Organization did so merely to avoid Confederate Army conscription. This newest Frontier unit also suffered from a dearth of weaponry, especially repeating firearms, which obviously lessened the unit's potential for tactical superiority over their Native opponents. Colonel James Norris, who had commanded the Frontier Regiment, complained of the poor quality of gunpowder sent for use in (antiquated) single-shot musketry: “A great part of the powder sent to us would not kill a man ten steps from the muzzle, loaded with all the powder that could be forced into the cylinder.” In December 1864, James Webb Throckmorton replaced Quayle as commander of the First Frontier District. In January 1865, John Henry Brown replaced Hunter in the Third Frontier District. Coordinating military affairs in the Second and Third Military districts, however, was John D. McAdoo, Brigadier General of the non-CSA, Texas State Troops. McAdoo took command in June 1864, initially to quell unrest over difficulties caused by the way Major Hunter had administered his district. McAdoo acted as interim coordinator between Hunter’s departure and Brown's arrival, and continued to coordinate the activities of the Second and Third districts until the end of the war. Companies in the Frontier Organization averaged 50 - 55 men with about 15 men per squad for patrol duty. The length of service at any one time varied according to the task, the presence of the enemy, and availability of supplies, but most squads on patrol duty expected to remain out for about ten days at a time. Beyond their duties on the frontier, rangers in the Frontier Organization were also expected to enforce Confederate conscription, round up deserters, and provide protection to settlers from Unionists, renegades and bandits. The Frontier Organization assumed chief responsibility for the protection of the Texas frontier from March 1864 until several months after the end of the war. Despite the logistical privation and the lack of an effective arsenal, the Indian raids between 1861 & 63 remained sporadic and peripheral. This equilibrium though, changed in October of 1864 when a massive raiding force of almost 700 Comanche and Kiowa crossed the Red River and attacked into the Brazos River Valley, arriving on the Frontier Organization's tenure. In what became known as the Elm Creek Raid, the warriors, despite being distracted by their pursuers, devastated several settlements in the area. The Texans lost five cavalrymen and seven civilians killed, seven women and children captured, eleven homesteads burned, and ten thousand head of cattle stolen. Over and above proving the inadequacies of this third step-down in Civil War frontier defense, the raid proclaimed that the Plains Tribes had recovered from the devastating Wars the Republic of Texas had prosecuted in the years leading up to the Civil War. Once again, it was clear to all that the Plains Indians, besides breaching Texas's northern border defenses, could make large scale incursions and devastate Texas settlements. This military resurgence of the Plains Indians in Texas would continue even beyond the scope of the Civil War. The upshot? "A tier of counties, at least three deep, was quite depopulated.” Another engagement under the tenure of the Frontier Organization was at Ellison Springs. The Ellison Springs Indian Fight took place on August 9, 1864, in Eastland County, Texas and was typical of the small-unit actions that occurred on the frontier during the Civil War. Lt. Singleton Gilbert was in command of citizens of Eastland, Callahan, and Shackelford counties. On August 8, 1864, he sent out a squad of eight men (led by Cpl. James L. Head) on a 10-day scouting foray. The next morning, the scouts came upon fresh Indian signs between the sites of future towns of Cisco and Eastland. Moving south, they followed a trail which they estimated was made by 30 - 50 Indians. After a trek of over 20 miles, the group overtook the Indians at a ranch near Ellison Springs, west of modern-day Gorham. Corporal Head promptly retreated a few miles away to the camp where Gilbert and his recruits were stationed. Gilbert's additional men created a force totaling 12 - 16 troopers who would face 30 - 35 Indians. With these odds, Gilbert ordered a frontal assault against the Indians, a number of whom were on foot carrying blankets and bridles to be used on the horses they planned to steal. The charge fell back before a withering fire from the Indians that killed Gilbert and two other Texans, wounded three more, and left no Indian casualties. The Indians, who had easily repelled the soldiers, left the field unimpeded by the Texans, and went on to steal 50 horses near Stephenville. This was the only unsuccessful Indian engagement of the summer under Major Erath's command. Despite their losses, the Texans continued to trail the Indians and managed to recover 18 horses of the 50 stolen near Stephenville. Several days after the Eastland County rangers had ended their pursuit, Sgt. A. D. Miller was due north in Stephens County with an 8-man squad. There, his men came upon a party of at least 20 Indians. These were probably the main body of the party Gilbert's men had encountered. Miller followed the trail for 15 miles, overtook the Indians, and attacked. In a one-hour battle, with no loss to themselves, Miller's men killed two Indians, wounded three, and captured 73 horses, seven saddles, and an assortment of bridles and blankets, thus bringing to a close to the brief campaign that had started in Eastland County. The most controversial Indian incident in Texas during the Civil War was the Battle of Dove Creek. On January 8, 1865, about 160 Confederate soldiers and 325 state militiamen (Texas State Troops) attacked 600 Kickapoos near present-day San Angelo. The Kickapoos were actually conducting a peaceful migration from Kansas to Mexico but were mistaken by the troopers as the dreaded, violent Comanche and Kiowas. The battle that ensued turned into a desperate struggle. Three militia officers and sixteen men were killed in the first few minutes of the battle. Many of the poorly trained militiamen simply deserted. The Army forces were more disciplined but were routed by the Indians after an all-day fight. The final death toll included twenty-two whites and fourteen Indians. The consequences of the Dove Creek fiasco would be felt for years to come. The Kickapoos were embittered by the unprovoked attack and launched devastating raids against Texas settlers from their stronghold in Mexico for the next decade. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Hans Peter Nielsen Gammel, comp., Laws of Texas, 1822–1897 (10 vols., Austin: Gammel, 1898). Joseph Carroll McConnell, West Texas Frontier (Vol. 1, Jacksboro, Texas, 1933; Vol. 2, Palo Pinto, Texas, 1939). David Paul Smith, Frontier Defense in Texas, 1861–1865 (Ph.D. dissertation, North Texas State University, 1987). The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies.

  
  

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